28/09/2023 Crypto Market Analysis & Trend: Low
Observing the recent market data, it is evident that the cryptocurrency market has been on a downtrend, with vital indicators showing significant downticks. Binance Coin, Bitcoin, and Ethereum showed declining values in the ‘Fear and Greed Indicators’ dataset. This trend indicates a market sentiment leaning towards fear, driving market instability. The number of Bitcoin active addresses, as shown from the ‘Bitcoin Address Indicators’ dataset, has been showing a declining trend with negative variations. This downward trend may reflect lesser activity on the Bitcoin blockchain, potentially due to users transferring their assets elsewhere or not performing transactions due to the fear sentiment. Additionally, the economic events detailed in the ‘Economic Events’ table with high impacts such as ‘Personal Income and Outlays PCE Price Index β M/M’ and ‘International Trade in Goods [Advance] Imports β M/M’, etc., may have influenced the market to tread cautiously. However, it’s important to note that while we observe a low trend, it remains highly unpredictable due to the volatile nature of the crypto market.
What is important
What stands out in the data is the downward trend in the market across multiple cryptocurrencies. Market sentiment is leaning towards ‘fear’, reflected by declining values in cryptocurrencies. Economic events may also be influencing cautious trading. However, the hourly fluctuations in these datasets underscore the volatility of the market.
Latest Crypto News β Top 5
- Binance Exits Russia With Sale to Fledgling Crypto Firm CommEXβ Binance exits Russia with sale to fledgling crypto firm Commex.
- With regulatory advantage, bitcoin is best positioned among crypto to become global moneyβ The article discusses why Bitcoin is well positioned among cryptocurrencies to become global money.
- Binance France Urges Fiat-to-Crypto Conversionβ Partnership between Paysafe and Binance ends, with Fiat-to-Crypto conversion urged in France.
- Everything you need to know about CommEx, so farβ The article discusses the successor of crypto exchange Binance in Russia, called Commex Exchange.
- Binance sells Russian operation to crypto exchange that officially launched hours prior to announced dealβ Binance Commex Russia with unknown management and no financial details.
Factors DrivingΒ the Growth β Market Sentiment
Analysis of ‘Positive Keywords’ and ‘Negative Keywords’ show a prevalent negative sentiment. Keywords like ‘Binance’, ‘Russia’, and the ‘Crypto market’ have negative connotations associated, signaling a possibly turbulent phase for the mentioned entities. However, the mention of coins like ‘shiba inu’ and ‘xrp’ among positive keywords might indicate emerging bullish trends for these tokens.
Positive Terms βΒ Sentiment Analysis
Occurrences | Keyword |
---|---|
6 | cryptocurrency market |
6 | shiba inu |
4 | xrp |
2 | chainlink |
2 | crypto |
2 | crypto exchange |
2 | cryptocurrency |
2 | market |
2 | shib |
2 | surging |
Negative Terms β Sentiment Analysis
Occurrences | Keyword |
---|---|
9 | binance |
7 | crypto |
7 | cryptocurrency market |
6 | russia |
5 | gensler |
4 | bitcoin |
4 | cryptocurrency |
3 | commex |
3 | crypto exchange |
3 | ethereum |
Crypto Fear & Greed Index
Reflecting on the ‘Fear and Greed Indicators’, values for major sources are below the median value of 50, indicating a predominance of ‘fear’ sentiment in the market. This sentiment could potentially slow down trading activities.
Date | Value | Variation | Source |
---|---|---|---|
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | 46pt | 2pt | Alternative.me |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | 44pt | -2pt | Alternative.me |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 46pt | 0pt | Alternative.me |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | 44pt | 0pt | BitDegree.org |
27/09/2023 06:00:00 | 44pt | -2pt | BitDegree.org |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | 46pt | 0pt | BitDegree.org |
26/09/2023 05:00:00 | 46pt | -1pt | BitDegree.org |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 47pt | 0pt | BitDegree.org |
25/09/2023 08:00:00 | 47pt | 0pt | BitDegree.org |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | 67pt | -1pt | BtcTools.io |
27/09/2023 16:00:00 | 68pt | 6pt | BtcTools.io |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | 62pt | -1pt | BtcTools.io |
26/09/2023 16:00:00 | 63pt | 2pt | BtcTools.io |
26/09/2023 08:00:00 | 61pt | 1pt | BtcTools.io |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 60pt | -4pt | BtcTools.io |
25/09/2023 16:00:00 | 64pt | -3pt | BtcTools.io |
25/09/2023 08:00:00 | 67pt | 0pt | BtcTools.io |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | 46pt | 2pt | Coinstats.app |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | 44pt | -2pt | Coinstats.app |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 46pt | 0pt | Coinstats.app |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | 46pt | 2pt | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | 44pt | -2pt | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 46pt | 0pt | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | 46pt | 2pt | Milkroad.com |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | 44pt | -2pt | Milkroad.com |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 46pt | 0pt | Milkroad.com |
Bitcoin: Active Addresses
The ‘Bitcoin Address Indicators’ table depicts a slight decrease over the given dates. These indicators correlate to the activities of Bitcoin, thus a downward trajectory might hint towards lesser transactions or movement of Bitcoins between addresses.
Date | Value | Variation | Address | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 1,058,702 | -0.01% | Bitcoin Active Addresses | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
25/09/2023 00:00:00 | 1,058,811 | -0.27% | Bitcoin Active Addresses | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
24/09/2023 00:00:00 | 1,061,684 | 0.19% | Bitcoin Active Addresses | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
23/09/2023 00:00:00 | 1,059,692 | 0.42% | Bitcoin Active Addresses | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 12,393,639 | -0.04% | Addresses with Balance > 0.01 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
25/09/2023 00:00:00 | 12,398,797 | -0.12% | Addresses with Balance > 0.01 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
24/09/2023 00:00:00 | 12,413,864 | -0.37% | Addresses with Balance > 0.01 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
23/09/2023 00:00:00 | 12,459,981 | 0.05% | Addresses with Balance > 0.01 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 4,492,856 | -0.01% | Addresses with Balance > 0.1 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
25/09/2023 00:00:00 | 4,493,457 | -0.01% | Addresses with Balance > 0.1 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
24/09/2023 00:00:00 | 4,493,816 | -0.06% | Addresses with Balance > 0.1 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
23/09/2023 00:00:00 | 4,496,319 | 0.02% | Addresses with Balance > 0.1 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 1,021,474 | 0.03% | Addresses with Balance > 1 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
25/09/2023 00:00:00 | 1,021,149 | -0.04% | Addresses with Balance > 1 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
24/09/2023 00:00:00 | 1,021,579 | 0.02% | Addresses with Balance > 1 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
23/09/2023 00:00:00 | 1,021,382 | 0.03% | Addresses with Balance > 1 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 157,417 | 0.08% | Addresses with Balance > 10 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
25/09/2023 00:00:00 | 157,298 | -0.03% | Addresses with Balance > 10 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
24/09/2023 00:00:00 | 157,341 | 0.09% | Addresses with Balance > 10 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
23/09/2023 00:00:00 | 157,204 | 0.02% | Addresses with Balance > 10 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 15,808 | -0.03% | Addresses with Balance > 100 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
25/09/2023 00:00:00 | 15,813 | 0.08% | Addresses with Balance > 100 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
24/09/2023 00:00:00 | 15,800 | 0.08% | Addresses with Balance > 100 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
23/09/2023 00:00:00 | 15,787 | 0.04% | Addresses with Balance > 100 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | 2,004 | -0.20% | Addresses with Balance > 1000 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
25/09/2023 00:00:00 | 2,008 | -0.20% | Addresses with Balance > 1000 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
24/09/2023 00:00:00 | 2,012 | 0.10% | Addresses with Balance > 1000 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
23/09/2023 00:00:00 | 2,010 | -0.05% | Addresses with Balance > 1000 Bitcoin | LookIntoBitcoin.com |
Economic events to move the cryptocurrency market
Several ‘Economic Events’ from the dataset with high impacts could be contributing towards the current state of the cryptocurrency market. Events such as ‘ Pending Home Sales (MoM) (Aug)’ and ‘Jobless Claims Initial Claims β Level’ highlight wider economic situations which can affect investors’ sentiments.
Date | Impact | Event |
---|---|---|
29/09/2023 14:00:00 | Moderate | Consumer Sentiment Index |
29/09/2023 14:00:00 | Moderate | Consumer Sentiment Year-ahead Inflation Expectations |
29/09/2023 13:45:00 | Moderate | Chicago PMI Index |
29/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Personal Income and Outlays PCE Price Index β M/M |
29/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Personal Income and Outlays Personal Income β M/M |
29/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | International Trade in Goods [Advance] Imports β M/M |
29/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Personal Income and Outlays PCE Price Index β Y/Y |
29/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Personal Income and Outlays Personal Consumption Expenditures β M/M |
29/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | International Trade in Goods [Advance] Exports β M/M |
29/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | International Trade in Goods [Advance] Balance |
29/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Personal Income and Outlays Core PCE Price Index β M/M |
29/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Personal Income and Outlays Core PCE Price Index β Y/Y |
28/09/2023 23:50:00 | Moderate | Industrial Production (MoM) (Aug) |
28/09/2023 23:30:00 | Moderate | Tokyo Core CPI (YoY) (Sep) |
28/09/2023 20:30:00 | Moderate | FedΒ΄s Balance Sheet |
28/09/2023 20:00:00 | High | Fed Chair Powell Speaks |
28/09/2023 17:00:00 | Moderate | 7-Year Note Auction |
28/09/2023 14:30:00 | Moderate | EIA Natural Gas Report Week over Week |
28/09/2023 14:00:00 | High | Pending Home Sales (MoM) (Aug) |
28/09/2023 14:00:00 | Moderate | Pending Home Sales Index Month over Month |
28/09/2023 14:00:00 | Moderate | Pending Home Sales Index Index |
28/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Initial Jobless Claims |
28/09/2023 12:30:00 | Moderate | GDP Price Index (QoQ) (Q2) |
28/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | GDP (QoQ) (Q2) |
28/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | GDP Quarter over Quarter β Annual Rate |
28/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Jobless Claims Initial Claims β Level |
28/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Jobless Claims 4-Week Moving Average |
28/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Jobless Claims Initial Claims β Change |
28/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | GDP Personal Consumption Expenditures β Annual Rate |
28/09/2023 12:00:00 | Moderate | German CPI (YoY) (Sep) |
28/09/2023 12:00:00 | High | German CPI (MoM) (Sep) |
28/09/2023 09:10:00 | Moderate | Italian 10-Year BTP Auction |
28/09/2023 08:00:00 | Moderate | ECB Economic Bulletin |
28/09/2023 07:45:00 | Moderate | ECB McCaul Speaks |
28/09/2023 07:00:00 | Moderate | ECBΒ΄s Enria Speaks |
28/09/2023 07:00:00 | Moderate | Spanish HICP (YoY) (Sep) |
28/09/2023 07:00:00 | Moderate | Spanish CPI (YoY) (Sep) |
28/09/2023 01:30:00 | Moderate | Retail Sales (MoM) (Aug) |
27/09/2023 17:00:00 | Moderate | GDP Monthly (YoY) |
27/09/2023 17:00:00 | Moderate | 5-Year Note Auction |
27/09/2023 16:45:00 | Moderate | SNB Chairman Thomas Jordan speaks |
27/09/2023 16:30:00 | Moderate | GDP Monthly (YoY) (Aug) |
27/09/2023 16:00:00 | Moderate | GDP Monthly (YoY) (Aug) |
27/09/2023 16:00:00 | Moderate | Unemployment Rate (Aug) |
27/09/2023 16:00:00 | Moderate | Retail Sales (YoY) (Aug) |
27/09/2023 14:30:00 | Moderate | Cushing Crude Oil Inventories |
27/09/2023 14:30:00 | High | Crude Oil Inventories |
27/09/2023 14:30:00 | High | EIA Petroleum Status Report Crude Oil Inventories β W/W |
27/09/2023 14:30:00 | High | EIA Petroleum Status Report Distillate Inventories β W/W |
27/09/2023 14:30:00 | High | EIA Petroleum Status Report Gasoline Inventories β W/W |
27/09/2023 12:30:00 | Moderate | Durable Goods Orders (MoM) (Aug) |
27/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Core Durable Goods Orders (MoM) (Aug) |
27/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Durable Goods Orders Core Capital Goods β M/M |
27/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Durable Goods Orders Ex-Transportation β M/M |
27/09/2023 12:30:00 | High | Durable Goods Orders New Orders β M/M |
27/09/2023 12:00:00 | Moderate | FOMC Member Kashkari Speaks |
27/09/2023 12:00:00 | Moderate | ECBΒ΄s Enria Speaks |
27/09/2023 10:00:00 | Moderate | France Jobseekers Total |
27/09/2023 09:30:00 | Moderate | German 10-Year Bund Auction |
27/09/2023 07:00:00 | Moderate | European Central Bank Non-monetary Policy Meeting |
27/09/2023 06:00:00 | Moderate | GfK German Consumer Climate (Oct) |
Cryptocurrency Prices
Examining the ‘Prices’ data, it is evident that there has been only a marginal increase in the prices for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. In contrast, the Binance Coin shows a decrease, indicating a low trend in the market.
Date | Cryptocurrency | Price | Price Variation | 24h Variation | 24h Variation Difference | 24h Volatility | 24h Volatility Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bitcoin | 26,372.99 | 0.57% | 0.44 | 0.61% | 2.83 | 1.64% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bitcoin | 26,221.67 | -0.32% | -0.17 | -0.38% | 1.18 | -0.57% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bitcoin | 26,304.81 | 0.00% | 0.22 | 0.00% | 1.75 | 0.00% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Ethereum | 1,598.64 | 0.29% | 0.25 | -0.16% | 3.20 | 1.95% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Ethereum | 1,594.01 | 0.36% | 0.41 | -0.14% | 1.25 | -0.87% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Ethereum | 1,588.33 | 0.00% | 0.55 | 0.00% | 2.12 | 0.00% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance Coin | 212.00 | -0.28% | -0.42 | -1.61% | 2.61 | 0.80% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance Coin | 212.60 | 1.27% | 1.19 | 0.47% | 1.81 | 0.37% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance Coin | 209.90 | 0.00% | 0.72 | 0.00% | 1.45 | 0.00% |
CryptocurrencyΒ Capitalization and Volume
The ‘Market Capitalizations and Volumes’ indicate a generally decreasing trend for major cryptocurrencies. This could be a result of investors being hesitant to make large investments due to prevailing market conditions.
Date | Cryptocurrency | Capitalization | Capitalization Variation | Volume | Volume Variation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance Coin | 32,606,854,014 | -0.22% | 757,903,861 | 25.95% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance Coin | 32,680,030,052 | 1.28% | 561,238,897 | 44.90% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance Coin | 32,262,945,873 | 0.71% | 309,239,439 | 6.08% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bitcoin | 513,713,645,984 | 0.54% | 11,777,190,591 | 36.83% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bitcoin | 510,942,081,892 | -0.23% | 7,440,151,805 | 1.95% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bitcoin | 512,103,393,582 | 0.04% | 7,294,734,448 | -9.01% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Ethereum | 192,175,393,182 | 0.32% | 5,842,330,875 | 17.60% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Ethereum | 191,550,892,985 | 0.42% | 4,814,270,089 | -14.81% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Ethereum | 190,754,565,039 | 0.36% | 5,527,295,015 | 25.92% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Tether | 83,193,672,937 | 0.02% | 11,975,039,134 | -27.49% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Tether | 83,178,309,400 | 0.01% | 15,266,933,002 | -9.78% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Tether | 83,169,840,527 | -0.04% | 16,760,346,002 | 50.65% |
Cryptocurrency Exchanges Volume and Variation
The ‘Exchanges’ dataset shows fluctuating volumes for all major exchanges. These variations could be the result of changing market sentiment, with investors choosing to hold or sell based on the prevailing conditions.
Date | Exchange | Volume | Variation |
---|---|---|---|
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance | 192,269 | 31.61% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance | 131,501 | -17.14% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance | 154,038 | 31.91% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance US | 353 | 37.90% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance US | 219 | -18.02% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Binance US | 259 | 38.35% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bitfinex | 3,617 | 33.56% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bitfinex | 2,403 | -20.63% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bitfinex | 2,899 | -26.99% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bybit | 37,566 | 41.63% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bybit | 21,927 | -50.24% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Bybit | 32,941 | 51.94% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Coinbase | 33,707 | 42.33% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Coinbase | 19,440 | -34.22% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Coinbase | 26,092 | 53.41% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Crypto.com | 9,627 | 24.10% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Crypto.com | 7,307 | -6.83% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Crypto.com | 7,806 | 51.63% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Gate.io | 20,003 | 32.24% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Gate.io | 13,553 | -29.19% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Gate.io | 17,509 | 25.21% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | Kraken | 19,108 | 17.36% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | Kraken | 15,790 | -4.88% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | Kraken | 16,561 | 71.52% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | KuCoin | 9,659 | 29.66% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | KuCoin | 6,794 | -4.17% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | KuCoin | 7,078 | 17.80% |
28/09/2023 00:00:00 | OKX | 30,126 | 46.68% |
27/09/2023 00:00:00 | OKX | 16,062 | -29.80% |
26/09/2023 00:00:00 | OKX | 20,848 | 29.74% |
Mining β Blockchain Technology
From the ‘Mining’ dataset, despite there being no variation in mining difficulty or block rewards, hash rate GB shows significant fluctuations. This could be an indication of miners joining or leaving the network, further contributing to uncertain market conditions.
Item | 28/09/2023 | 27/09/2023 | 26/09/2023 | 25/09/2023 | 24/09/2023 | 23/09/2023 | 22/09/2023 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Difficulty | 57.12T | 57.12T | 57.12T | 57.12T | 57.12T | 57.12T | 57.12T |
Difficulty Variation | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
Blocks | 809.65K | 809.49K | 809.36K | 809.21K | 809.06K | 808.91K | 808.78K |
Blocks Variation | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% |
Reward BTC | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 |
Reward BTC Variation | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
Hash Rate GB | 445.79B | 380.49B | 403.20B | 411.72B | 442.95B | 366.29B | 389.00B |
Hash Rate GB Variation | 14.65% | -5.97% | -2.11% | -7.59% | 17.31% | -6.20% | -5.84% |
Conclusion
In conclusion, upon analyzing the different datasets, it’s clear that the cryptocurrency market is currently on a low trend. The market sentiment, as expressed by the ‘Fear and Greed Indicators’, leans towards ‘fear’, possibly reducing trading activities. The economic events with high impact may also instill a sense of caution among investors. While there are minor upticks in prices for some cryptocurrencies, the general trend across all is of decline. However, due to the inherent volatility of the market, unpredictable swings are always a possibility.
So What
From the practical standpoint, the current state suggests that the market participants are anxious and hesitant, as evident from the trends of Bitcoin addresses and the exchanges’ volumes. This could influence their decision making, potentially leading to either stagnant or reduced trading activity. Players in the market need to bear in mind the volatile nature of the cryptocurrency market and tread wisely.
What next?
Going forward, the market may remain in the low trend zone until a significant positive shift occurs in the economic events or the Fear & Greed index. Constant monitoring of the trends and a cautious approach would be advisable for participants in the near term.
Disclaimer β Informational Content, Not Investment Advice: Content provided herein is solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as a recommendation, endorsement, or suggestion to engage in any form of investment activity. The information presented in this post is not intended to serve as financial, legal, tax, or investment advice.
Author: CryptoTrends Team β With over five years of diving deep into cryptocurrencies and blockchain, we’ve cemented our position as experts in the digital currency realm. Our team has not only contributed to a multitude of pioneering blockchain projects but has also enlightened thousands with our incisive articles CryptoTrends. Always at the cutting edge of crypto trends, we proudly collaborate with CryptoBotStation, ensuring our readers stay one step ahead in this dynamic space.